What is compiler?
A compiler is a software which converts a program written in high level language(Source language) to low level language ( object/ target/machine language).
What is language processing system?
We know computer is a logically assembly of software and hardware. The hardware understand a language,which human can not understand. So we write programs in high level language which is easier for us to understand and remember. these programs are then fed into a series of tools and Operating system components to get the desired code that can be used by machine.
This Is known as language processing system.the high level language is converted into binary language in various phases . A compiler is a program that converts high level language to assembly language. Similarly as assembler is a program that converts the Assembly language to machine language.
Language Process System
1) High level language : If a program contains #define or # include directives such as #include or #define is called pre-processor . They are closer to humans but far from machines. These (#) lags are called pre-processor directives. They direct the pre-processor about what to do.
2) Pre-processor : The pre- processor removes all the # include directives by including the files called file inclusion and all the #define directives using macro expansion . It performs inclusion, argumentation, macro processing etc.
3) Assembly language : It’s neither in binary from nor high level language.It is as intermediate state that is a combination of machine instructions and some other useful data needed for execution.
4) Assembler : An assembler translates assembly language programs into machine code.The output of an combination of machine instructions as well as data requires to place these instructions in memory.
5) Linker : Linker is a computer program that links and merges various object files together in order to make an executable file.All these files might have been compiled by separate assembler.
6) Relocatable machine code : It can be loaded at any point and can be run.The address within the program will be in such a way that it will cooperate for the program movement.
7) Loader : Loader is a part of Os and responsible for loading executable files into memory and execute them.It calculate the size of a program and create memory space for it.It initializes various registers to initiate execution.
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